Rape, Sexual, And Sexual Abuse - 1506 Words

â€Å"The word rape comes by the way of the Anglo-Norman raper from the Latin rapere, to seize by force. This definition with its emphasis on force is strikingly similar to our understanding today. Legally, the definition of rape varies by state and nation. The National Crime Victimization Survey, the most reliable source of data on this highly unreported crime, defines rape as forced sexual intercourse means vagina, anal or oral penetration by the offender(s)†¦Includes attempted rapes, male as well as female victims and both heterosexual and homosexual rape. Attempted rape includes threats of rape†. The common factor for sexual violence around the world is that which is committed by a close partner, which leads to the assumption that one of the most significant causes for people in terms of their vulnerability to sexual assault is being married or living together with a partner. There is other factors that influence the threat of sexual violence like being a female, bein g someone young, being a sex worker, having substance abuse issues, previous history of being raped or sexually abused, having multiple sex partners, being educated and economically empowered (usually sexual violence happens with intimate partner), being considered physically attractive, incarceration, and having a mental disability. Other individuals such as college students are at high risk primarily because of the heavy drinking that is a characteristic of college life. Furthermore, the National ViolenceShow MoreRelatedCampus Rape And Sexual Abuse1573 Words   |  7 PagesNovember 2014 Campus Rape For most students fresh out of high school, college provides a fresh new experience free of the restrictions present while living under your parents roof. Life on a college campus provides not only the means to develop intellectual skills that are necessary to join the workforce but also the means to become a fully functioning independent member of society. Many social traditions are common on all college campuses and one that often gets explored is sexual culture and the explorationRead MoreRape Culture And Sexual Abuse1639 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems associated with rape culture. Rape culture can be defined as â€Å"a culture in which dominant cultural ideologies, media images, social practices, and societal institutions support and condone sexual abuse by normalizing, trivializing and eroticizing male violence against women and blaming victims for their own abuse† (Huffington Post). Rape culture can be as simple as a T.V. commercial or as complex as a rapist blaming the victim for â€Å"asking for it† and everything in between. Rape culture is somethingRead MoreSexual Assault, Abuse, and Rape by College Athletes Essay3554 Words   |  15 Pages    Sexual assault, abuse, and rape by athletes is a devastating crime.   These crimes by themselves are horrendous, but when committed by athletes there are many different factors involved.   Through extensive research this paper will show contributing factors that may result in assault, abuse, or rape by athletes.   Special treatment for athletes throughout their career, belief in sexual male dominance, and the role of alcohol are all important factors.   Other crucial factors are the attitudesRead More Older Woman Essay1534 Words   |  7 PagesOlder Women - Hidden Sexual Abuse Victims Although other forms of violence within the family have received increasing attention from professionals and the media over recent years, including the physical abuse and neglect of children, child sexual abuse, and domestic violence, elder abuse remains relatively hidden. This is especially true of sexual abuse of older persons. While there are some references to stranger rapes of older women, the topic of elder sexual abuse within the family is rarelyRead MoreDomestic Violence : A Pattern Of Abusive Behavior1103 Words   |  5 Pageshousehold. Domestic violence can happen to anyone, regardless of their class, religion, ethnic background, education, age, gender, disability status, sexual orientation, gender presentation, or immigration status. The domestic violence can place in different categories, such as; emotional abuse, physical abuse, psychological abuse, sexual abuse and financial abuse. Researcher had discovered tactics that the abusers use to control their victims such as; dominance, humiliation, isolation, threats, intimidationRead MoreRape Crisis Centers For Women1704 Words   |  7 Pages Rape Crisis Centers SER 101: Kevin Garganta Pierre Sophy Fall 2016 â€Æ' Abstract This research is focused on rape crisis centers for women who have been sexually abused or raped. Some survivors of rape and sexual abuse require the assistance of rape crisis centers to try and gain back control of their lives. Some women may require long-term counseling as a result whereas others do no. Whichever the case, with such a high number of survivors, the help must remain readily available. Read MoreEssay on Sexual Abuse on Women1250 Words   |  5 PagesSexual abuse, also known as sexual assault, is any sort of sexual activity that one doesn’t agree to which includes, inappropriate touching, vaginal, anal, or oral penetration, sexual intercourse that one says no to, rape, attempted rape, as well as child molestation. Sexual abuse is usually verbal or visual. It can also be anything that forces a person to be in unwanted sexual contact. There are many examples of sexual abuse like voyeurism, exhibitionism, incest, and sexual harassment. VoyeurismRead MoreRape And Sexual Assault Of The United States1453 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinitions of rape as well as sexual assault over the years there Have been many definitions floating around. The most recent and most accurate definition For the two are very in depth for instance sexual assault id defined as any type of sexual contact Or a certain behavior that occurs without blatant consent. Crimes such as this involve (Forced Intercourse, forcible sodomy, child molestation, incest, fondling, and attempted rape). Rape is defined as unlawful intercourse or any other sexual penetrationRead MoreSexual Assault And Sexual Abuse978 Words   |  4 PagesSexual assault  is any type of  sexual  contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of the recipient. Falling under the definition of  sexual assault  are  sexual  activities such as forced  sexual  intercourse forcible sodomy child molestation fondling attempted rape The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act was passed in the United States, and its definition of who might be covered under the law included sexual abuse. 1 In 6 Women in the united states and 1 in 33 men have experiencedRead MoreRape Among Americans : Rape1220 Words   |  5 PagesRape Among Americans Rape is a violent crime that involves forcing sexual acts on a person. Sexual assault is a serious problem and should be stopped. It can happen to anyone: no one is safe. Every one out of six Americans are raped each year. This includes men,women,and children. Some people believe that rape isn’t a prominent problem, but statistics show it occurs more frequently than we could ever imagine. Rape and its forms Although it all falls under the general topic of rape, there are different

Anorexia Nervosa a Feminist reading of a distorted perception of beauty Free Essays

string(203) " and exaggeration of the feminine idea whether anorexia is an over-conformity or rebellion against the notion of feminine beauty, it is still calling attention to the effects of gender roles in society\." Introduction The focus of this essay is to explore the eating disorder Anorexia nervosa. Anorexia was chosen for the topic for this essay as it has both a long history in human culture but is still a very current and prevalent issue. The subject of anorexia will be explored using various sociological perspectives. We will write a custom essay sample on Anorexia Nervosa: a Feminist reading of a distorted perception of beauty or any similar topic only for you Order Now First, the feminist perspective will focus on women’s experiences and explore anorexia from the standpoint of a woman as opposed to the often male-dominated perspective of traditional society (Hall and Steven, 1991). The functionalism theory interprets society as a whole made up of correlated parts such as traditions, institutions, customs, etc; therefore, this perspective will examine the association between societal pressure and media influence and anorexia. And lastly, the symbolic interaction perspective analyses symbols, subjective interpersonal significance and the interaction between individuals through communication (Van der Spuy E, M de Klerk H and Kruger R, 2003) anorexia can be explained through various symbols such as food and self-image and how these are used to communicate self-image to other individuals. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterised by extreme anxiety about one’s weight and keeping it as low as possible by very strictly limiting the intake of food (NHS, 2011).There are various statistics relevant to anorexia available in the UK. According to The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), approximately one in 250 females and one in 2000 males will experience anorexia (2004). In the UK, approximately one in every 100 women between the ages of 15 and 30 years suffer from anorexia (Disordered Eating, 2011). However, reports have shown girls as young as five years old have weight concerns and are potentially susceptible to develop anorexia (Disordered Eating, 2011). According to Beating Eating Disorders (B-EAT 2011), around 1-2% of young women are thought to be anorexic at any one time and approximately 11 people in 100,000 develop the condition each year. Approximately 40% of people with anorexia recover completely and an estimated 30% wi ll continue to suffer long-term effects of the illness (Disordered Eating, 2011). Anorexia is a serious health issue because it is the leading cause of mental health-related deaths (NHS, 2011). The mortality rate for anorexia is estimated to run around 13-20% per year (Howlett et al., 1995). It is also important to study because it is associated with various health complications. One of the primary complications is loss of fertility which may cause lifelong difficulties (B-eat, 2011). There are also other complications due to malnutrition such as osteoporosis which can increase the risk of spontaneous fractures even from minor traumas (B-eat, 2011). The feminist perspective is a sociological perspective based on a female-centered viewpoint as an alternative to the male-centered viewpoint that often dominates traditional philosophy, society, and culture (Rodgers 2005). According to Hall and Steven (1991), feminism has the three basic principles of: valuing women and validating women’s experiences, ideas, and needs; recognizing the existence of ideological, structural, and interpersonal conditions that dominate women; and a desire to change these oppressive limitations through criticism and political action. As body image is part of a woman’s concept of her sexuality, it is related to her feeling feminine and attractive and consequently her self-esteem (Fobair, 2006). Feminist theory suggests that the reason women feel dissatisfied with their bodies is because of a social phenomenon and not individual choice (McKinley, 2002). Women tend to be more concerned about the appearance of their bodies than men, who are more concerned with the functionality of their bodies (Ziebland, 2002). Landwerlin (2001) suggests that the extreme pressure of women to conform to the idea that beauty in women is being exceptionally thin has led to an epidemic of eating disorders. Women feel the need to meet impossible demands of beauty and thinness and struggle to meet the expectations of the feminine stereotype (Parker and Mauger, 1976). Women with anorexia are obsessively pursuing the ideal feminine body shape in an exaggerated manner (Boskind-Lodahl, 1976). Boskind-Lodahl (1976) suggests that anorexic women are controlling their appearance to gain the approval of others, especially men, and gain a sense of self-worth through this validiation Chernin (1986) believes that women with eating disorders are using their bodies to express unhappiness about their role in life in a male-dominated society. Because a woman’s body is representative of her identity, women are able to express confusion about her role in society through eating disorders such as anorexia (Chernin, 1986). Conversely, there are some feminist theorists who believe that women with anorexia are not conforming to the feminine ideal, but rather rejecting it. As women with anorexia are overly thin, they actually become unattractive and challenge the concept of being valued for their appearance (Moorey, 1991). Lester (1997) suggests that by becoming so overly thin, women are flaunting the fact that society demands this viciously harmful body type to be considered attractive. It is an unmistakable statement that she believes societal pressure is causing her to starve herself and be dangerously unhealthy (Bordo, 1997). It is in a sense over-conforming to the point where the woman disappears, first physically, then spiritually. She is trying to break away from the stereotypes of femininity beauty shoved onto her from a male-centered society (Malson and Ussher, 1997). This feminist theory that women with anorexia are actually trying to break away from conformity can be extended. To escape the feminine role that is forced onto them, women may adopt masculine characteristics as the solution (Elks, 1994). Elks (1994) believes that women use anorexia to transform their bodies into a sexless state, by denying the normal curves of a woman that are associated with feminine characteristics such as pregnancy. It is a rejection of fertility and obligation to a family as a mother or wife. By suppressing the development of hips and breasts, women are changing their bodies into a more genderless figure (Elks, 1994). All of these feminist theories suggest that women are using their bodies as a political statement. Orbach (1989) suggests that anorexia is an ambivalence about femininity, both a rejection and exaggeration of the feminine idea whether anorexia is an over-conformity or rebellion against the notion of feminine beauty, it is still calling attention to the effects of gender roles in society. You read "Anorexia Nervosa: a Feminist reading of a distorted perception of beauty" in category "Essay examples" The functionalism perspective sees society as being held together by social consensus, a functioning body that is made up of different interdependent elements such as customs, traditions, and institutions (Parsons, 1975). All of these parts affect each other so functionalism reflects on both the micro-scale individual components as well as the macro-scale function of the whole. Parsons (1975), a functionalist theorist, suggested that each individual had expectations of his and others’ actions and that these expectations were derived from the accepted norms and customs of their society Parsons suggested that individuals were expected to fulfill certain roles in society and conform to that specific society’s customs and what was seen as the norm. The perfect society then, would be one where there is no conflict between the norms of society and the performance of the individual within these institutions and traditions (Parsons, 1975). In modern society, mass media bombards images of extremely thin women as being the ideal form. Anorexia can be seen as society’s struggle to align this â€Å"norm† of very thin models and celebrities to all women. Robert Merton, another influential functionalist theorist, had similar notions to Parsons. Merton expanded Parsons’ ideas that some structures within society may be dysfunctional (Holmwood, 2005). Merton’s theory of deviance suggested that there was a possibility of discontinuity between the cultural goal and the reaction of an individual (Merton, 1957). Among these scenarios are conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreats, and rebellion (Merton, 1957). The prevalence of anorexia in society can be explained through several of these cases. Because of the widespread exposure of thin, beautiful women in the form of advertisements, movies, television and shows, the reaction of trying to conform to this image is easy to understand. Every day women see what type society labels as beautiful and strive to conform and be just like that image. Young girls and mature women alike suffer anorexia to achieve this conformity. Anorexia can also be seen as an innovation type scenario; w omen see the thin models and celebrities and will attempt to become this image through unaccepted methods such as starvation and malnutrition. Ritualism occurs when an individual strives to follow society’s norms but is not rewarded in the end. This is true in the cases of women where anorexia causes severe health issues and achieving the thin body type comes at a cost of morbidity and mortality. Merton also proposed the idea that human function could be categorized as either manifest functions which are obvious and intentional or latent functions which are vague and involuntary (Holmwood, 2005). Manifest functions are what people expect whereas latent functions are unrecognized and unexpected (Merton, 1957). Dysfunction, such as anorexia, can be seen as manifest or latent as well. Anorexia as a manifest dysfunction is recognized because it is a serious medical issue documented in hospitals and primary care. Anorexia can also be seen as a latent dysfunction since it was not necessarily anticipated as a product of media bombardment of thin models and celebrities. Anorexia can be interpreted through a variety of methods using the functionalist theory. Because anorexia is a reflection of self-image that is highly affected by society and mass media culture, the functionalist theory is a competent interpretative perspective for this topic. And lastly, the symbolic interaction theory is a micro-scale perspective, emphasizing the interpretation of symbols and self-perception as constructed by others through communication and interaction. Symbolic interaction not only examines the interaction between individuals but also within the own individual (Van der Spuy E, M de Klerk H and Kruger R, 2003). Because human actions consist of identifying the self as an object, it serves as a symbol which a woman can use to communicate to others and herself. Anorexic women are communicating their refusal to eat and the resulting thinness of her body as a symbol to others. Kaiser (1990) suggests that the self develops from the combination of the interaction with other individuals who give feedback and with those individuals with whom she compares herself. These other individuals may be friends, peers, stereotypes, etc. The woman compares herself to these other groups and takes their feedback into consideration in the development and perc eption of her self-image and body. Blowers et al (2003) suggests that this external pressure from different groups causes women to internalize societal norms that thinness is beautiful and important for success for a woman. When comparing magazines read by young women and by young men, Heilman (1998) found that ten times as many promoted the thin figure in advertisements targeted to women. Through media alone, young women are more susceptible to body image issues and according to Marcotte et al (2002), young women become more depressed than their male counterparts during teen years. This depression and low self-esteem could push these girls to resort to anorexia to match the model figures seen in so many advertisements. Kaiser (1990) proposes that a symbol should communicate the same thing to others and herself. So women apply self-control to behave a certain way in order for others to have a specific image of her. Individuals who suffer from anorexia exhibit this exact behavioural pattern of demonstrating extreme wil l power to refrain from eating (Slabber, 1985). Symbolic interaction proposes that clothes, food, and physical appearance can sometimes used to simplify social interactions (Van der Spuy E, M de Klerk H and Kruger R, 2003). All of these items serve as symbols which are used to communicate the self to others and to themselves. This symbol of the body is a mental picture that one has at any given time and a positive body image correlates strongly to a feeling of acceptance (Van der Spuy E, M de Klerk H and Kruger R, 2003). Dissatisfaction with their body image is correlated to eating behaviours in females as young as grade school children (Vander Wal and Thelen, 2000). Women with anorexia have a distorted body image and continue to strive to be as thin as possible (Drewnowski et al, 1995). Further encouraged by mass media and modern society’s fashion culture, women see the clothes they are supposed to wear on extremely emaciated figures (Kaiser, 1990). Kilbourne stated that women are driven by the fear of being overweight, as the intolerance against fat people, more specifically fat women, is one of the few remaining prejudices that are found socially acceptable (Benokrates 1999). Anorexic women also view food as an important symbol in her life. She is obsessed with the idea of it and at the same time rejecting it completely because it symbolizes weight gain (Kaiser, 1990). Further obsession on this symbol turns food and the idea of eating into a neurotic fear of gaining weight which leads to starvation to the point of malnutrition and danger. This feeling of power and control over abstaining from food becomes a symbol of herself and the extent of her will power and so becomes addicting and repetitive (Wardlaw1999). The symbols and interactions with other individuals that anorexic women interpret and experience play a large role in the development and continuation of their anorexic condition. Associating the symbol of food with becoming fat, which goes against the media stereotype of beauty in women, perpetuates anorexic tendencies in symbolic interaction theory. Anorexia is a serious health issue but with the help of various sociological perspectives, the intentions behind it can be understood so the affected individuals can be helped as best as possible. Understanding anorexia through the feminist perspective explores the topic from the viewpoint of the women, as opposed to the generally male-dominated perspective of traditional society. Feminist theory suggests that anorexic women are overly conforming to the idealised thin figure of the women to express unhappiness in the male-dominated society. Other feminist theory thought suggests anorexic women are actually rejecting the feminine role in society by becoming so emaciated; they shed their feminine shape and become an androgynous figure that rejects their role as a mother or wife. The functionalist perspective examines anorexia as one part of society that interrelates to other aspects of society, all coming together in a social consensus. This social consensus promotes various actions in individuals such as conformity, innovation, and ritualism. Women are driven to conform to the thin image of celebrities and models and use innovative methods such as extreme starvation to achieve these results. However, these results may be without reward if it leads to health problems and possibly death. Symbolic interaction perspective investigates anorexia in terms of how individuals perceive symbols and its interaction with other individuals and also themselves. Women view food as a symbol of weight-gain and grow to detest it, becoming obsessed with the idea of rejecting food. These anorexic women interpret their self-image as a reflection of what others think of them and use this feedback to view themselves. The media ideal of the thin female form influences women into viewing this as the only acceptable form of beauty in women. All of these sociological perspectives provide insightful logic into how anorexic women think and offer rationale behind their actions and motives. St udying anorexia through various sociological perspectives gives a comprehensive overview of many possible theories and explanations as to why this disorder afflicts these women. By truly understanding the underlying rationale behind these women’s actions, it is possible to help these women carefully and efficiently. REFERENCES B-eat. (2011) Understanding eating disorders, Accessed online on 18/04/2011 at http://www.b-eat.co.uk/Home/PressMediaInformation/Somestatistics Benokrates NV (1999). Marriages and families.. 3rd ed. Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs. Blowers LC et al (2003). The relationship between sociocultural pressure to be thin and body dissatisfaction in preadolescent girls. Eating disorders:4(3);229-224 Bordo S (1997). The body and the reproduction of femininity in Writing on the body: female embodiment and feminist theory. Columbia University Press: NY Boskind LM. (1976) Cinderella’s stepsisters: A feminist perspective on anorexia nervosa and bulimia. SIGNS Journal of Women in Culture and Society:2;342-356 Chernin, K (1986.). The Hungry Self: Women, eating, and identity Virago Press: London Disordered Eating (2011). Anrexia Nervosa Statistics (UK). Accessed online on 19/04/2011 at http://www.disordered-eating.co.uk/eating-disorders-statistics/anorexia-nervosa-statistics-uk.html Drewnowski A, Kurth CL and Krahn DD(1995) . Effects of body image on dieting, exercise, and anabolic steroid use in adolescent males. International Journal of Eating Disorders:17(4);381-386 Elks ML (1994). On the genesis of anorexia nervosa – a feminist perspective. Medical hypothesis:42;180-182 Fobair P et al (2006) Body image and sexual problems in young women with breast cancer. Psychooncology:15;579-594 Hall JM, Steven PE (1991) Rigor in feminist research. ANS Adv Nurs Sci;13(3):16-29 Heilman EE. The struggle for self. Youth and society 1998:30(2);182-205 Holmwood, J. (2005) â€Å"Functionalism and its Critics† in Harrington, A., (ed) Modern Social Theory: an introduction, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 87–109 Howlett M, McClelland L and Crisp AH (1995). The cost of illness that defies. Postgrad Med J;71:705-711 Kaiser SB (1990). The social psychology of clothing: symbolic appearances in context. 2nd ed. Macmillan: New York. Landwerlin L. (2001) The effect of being weighed on the body image of college freshmen. Accessed online on 27/04/2011 at http://clearinghouse.missouriwestern.edu/manuscripts/270.asp Lester R (1997). The (dis)embodies self in anorexia nervosa. Social science medicine:44(4);479-489 Malso H and Ussher J (1997). Beyond this mortal coil: femininity, death, and discursive constructions of the anorexia body:2(1);43-61 Marcott D et al (2002). Gender differences in depressive symptoms during adolescents: role of gender-typed characteristics, self-esteem, body image, stressful life evens, and pubertal status. Journal of Emotional and Behavioural Disoders 10(1);29-54 McKinley NM (2002) . Feminist perspectives and objectified body consciousness. Body Image: A handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice. New York NY: The Guilford Press;:55-62 Merton, Robert K. (1957). Social Theory and Social Structure, revised and enlarged edition. New York: Free Press of Glencoe. Moorey J. Living with anorexia and bulimia 1991. Manchester University Press: Manchester NHS Choices. Anorexia nervosa (2011). Accessed online on 20/04/2011 at http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Anorexia-nervosa/Pages/Introduction.aspx NICE (2004). Eating Disorders: Core interventions in the treatment and management of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and related eating disorders. The British Psychological Society The Royal College of Psychiatrists. Leicester and London. Orbach S (1986). Hunger Strike: the anorexia’s struggle as a metaphor for our age. Faber and faber: London Parker R and Mauger S (1976). Anorexia Nervosa Spare Rib 28:6-10 Rodgers BL. (2005) Feminism and science. Developing Nursing Knowledge: Philosophical Traditions and Influences. Philadelphia, PA: Lippinscott Williams Wilkins;:161-172 Slabber M. Anorexia nervosa. Journal of dietetics and home economics 1985:13(2):55-59 Talcott Parsons (1975), â€Å"The Present Status of â€Å"Structural-Functional† Theory in Sociology.† In Talcott Parsons, Social Systems and The Evolution of Action Theory New York: The Free Press, Van der Spuy E. M de Klerk H and Kruger R. (2003) The development of social-cognitive models for a better understanding of the female adolescent suffering from anorexia nervosa. Tydskrif vir Geseinsekologia en Verbrulkarawetenskappe:31;30-40 Vander Wal JS and Thelen MH. (2000) Predictors of body image dissatisfaction in elementary-age school girls. Eating behaviours:1(2);105-122 Wardlaw GM (1999) Perspectives in nutrition.. 4th edition. McGraw-Hill: Boston Ziebland S et al., (2002) A body image and weight change in middle age: a qualitative study. Int J Obes:26;1083-109 Bibliography Dr Powell J (2010) Anorexia nervosa, what is anorexia nervosaAccessed (online) on 27/04/2011 at http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/anorexianervosa.htm Hornbacher M (1999) Wasted: A Memoir of Anorexia and Bulimia Hendricks J (2003) Slim to None: A Journey through the Wasteland of Anorexia Treatment, Contemporary books. Pub-med Health (2010) Anorexia nervosa, Eating disorder – anorexia, accessed (online) on 26/04/2011 athttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001401/ How to cite Anorexia Nervosa: a Feminist reading of a distorted perception of beauty, Essay examples

Effects of Hip Hop Music free essay sample

Hip hop music negative effects on ADSTAR University students language. A. Use of curse words. B. Use of slang. C. Changing the meaning of words. IV. Hip hop music effects on mens world view towards women. V. Hip hop music effects on ADSTAR University students world view towards money, luxury, and drugs. A. Influence by music videos. B. Influence by the lyrics. C. Influence by the celebrity life style. VI. Effects of Hip hop music on ADSTAR University students social relations. A.Judging of peers. B. Increased cases of low self-esteem. VII. Conclusion. VIII. References. Introduction Music is defined as an art of sound in time that expresses ideas and emotions in significant forms through the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony, and color. Music can also be defined as the science or art of ordering tones or sounds in succession, in combination, and in temporal relationships to produce a composition having unity and continuity. Music can also be accompanied with musical instruments that are struck, strum or beaten in a rhythm that is harmonious with the music being sung. Hip hop music is defined as an art of sound in time that expresses ideas and emotions In significant forms through the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony, and color. It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: Mincing/rapping, Digging/scratching, break dancing, and graffiti 1 OFF music. Hip hop music is said to have originated from Bronx New York but it was most dominant among Latin Americans and African Americans. It is believed to have been pioneered by Jamaican born artist Cool DC Here at a Halloween party organized by his younger sister.Hip hop music has evolved since the sasss with the coming of new hip hop artists with new styles of hip hop. Hip hop music is now in the mainstream industry as it can be found anywhere in stores that sell music. For most chroniclers, the hip-hop scenes ability to transcend boundaries and language barriers is the most positive aspect of all. Some hip hop artists use their music to encourage oneness in the society and shunning tribalism.These hip hop artists also make aware to the people that no culture is superior to the other, this goes a long way in breaking cultural boundaries. A lot of hip hop artists have also started charity organizations that bring together people from all races in the world and they teach them how to live together despite their cultural back grounds. There are also gospel hip hop artists that encourage the breaking down of cultural boundaries as we are all one in Jesus Christ. SOURCE OF REVENUE Hip hop music provides Jobs for the hip hop artists, their managers, the sales men and women who sell their Cads.Hip hop music also is a source of employment to writers of the vast numbers of periodicals the focus in the hip hop scene in the oral. Governments also earn revenue from the hip hop artists as they pay taxes from their payments and their concerts. Hip hop artists are also a source of foreign revenue to the governments as some of the hip hop artists get to perform on international stages. Hip hop music also provides a source of income for the hip hop artists as they get endorsements from companies that use musicians to publicize their brands or even publicize the companies themselves.Hip hop musicians use this genre of music to make aware to the people of the social ND political ills in the society. Conscious hip hop or socially conscious hip-hop is a sub-genre of hip hop that focuses on social issues. Like several cases within many genres of music, the umbrella term was originally coined by audiences and music critics rather than the actual artists themselves. It is not necessarily openly political, but it discusses social issues and conflicts.