Managerial Roles As Identified By Mintzberg

Managerial Roles As Identified By Mintzberg In this role the managers regularly seek out information related to the organisation and industry. They monitor relevant changes in the environment and also monitor their teams productivity and well-being. Examples of workplace experience include maintaining personal contact, attending seminars and training; and reading reports. Spokesperson Managers represent and speak on their organisations behalf. In this role they are responsible for transmitting information about their organisation and its goals to the people outside of the organisation. Examples are conferences and reports. Figurehead The manager performs social, ceremonial and legal responsibilities. The manager is expected to be a source of inspiration. Someone people can look up to, someone with authority. In this role the manager acts as a symbolic leader. An example is the signing of legal documents. Leader In this role, managers provide leadership for their team, department or organization as a whole; and manage subordinates performances and responsibilities. Examples of workplace experience include the training and interactions with employees. Liaison Managers establish and maintain communication with internal and external contacts. This entails the effective networking on behalf of the organisation. An example is the participation in meetings with representatives from other divisions inside the organisation or other businesses. Entrepreneur The manager must create and control changes within the organisation. This entails the solving of problems, generation of new ideas and the implementation thereof. An example is the housing shortlist and the provision of thereof. QUESTION 1 Continued†¦ Resource Allocator In this role the manager needs to determine where the organisational resources are best applied. This involves the allocation of funding, the assignment of staff and other organisational resources. This also involves the drafting and approval of plans, schedules, budgets and setting of priorities. Disturbance Handler Deals with the mediation of disputes and problems; and takes corrective actions. The manager settles conflicts between subordinates; choose strategic alternatives and overcome crisis situations. QUESTION 2 2.1 The role and importance of a mission statement is to describe the organisation in terms of the customers needs it aims to satisfy, the goods or services it aims to supply and the markets it intends to pursue. The mission statement describes the organisations purpose for existence and it details facts such as what the organisation is all about, who the organisation is and the type of business it is in. The role and importance of a vision statement is to describe where the organisation wants to be in the future. An example would be, a natural water bottling company who wants to expand into flavoured water bottling, and the marketing and selling thereof. 2.2 The mission and vision of an organisation must be enforced through tactical planning. This is the process of making detailed decisions about what has to be done; who will be doing it and how it will be done. The statements are best developed if input by all the members of the organisation is acquired and the people working in the organisation need to believe it, in order for the customers to believe in it. QUESTION 3 EXPLAINING THE BENEFITS THAT CAN BE ACHIEVED BY THE SOUND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FOUR MANAGERIAL FUNCTIONS FOR THE DIRECTOR OF PRODUCTIVITY MANAGERIAL FUNCTION 1: PLANNING The benefit that can be achieved by implementing planning is that you will know exactly how you will accomplish your goals for improving productivity. You will know exactly what has to be done, how it is to be done, when it needs to be done and by whom it is to be done. An overall direction will be established, you will identify and commit the correct resources and you will know which tasks have to be done. Planning provides structure and guidelines and the development of strategies will take place. MANAGERIAL FUNCTION 2: ORGANISING Through organising, the hierarchy of the production team will take shape. You will determine who is most qualified to perform the work and help you improve productivity. The benefit of organising is thus the establishment of a strong team who can be developed even further through training. MANAGERIAL FUNCTION 3: LEADING The benefit of leading is that you can influence and motivate your subordinates towards the improvement of productivity. MANAGERIAL FUNCTION 4: CONTROL By implementing control, you will guide the production team towards improving productivity. You will monitor and compare the teams actual activities against the production goals. The benefit of control is; if the actual doesnt compare with the plans, you can make the changes needed to match the productivity with the goals as set out. EVENTUAL BENEFITS The eventual benefits of improvement of productivity will mean employee satisfaction. Subordinates will take pride in their jobs, which in turn will mean that the quality of the products produced will be improved. The improvement of productivity will mean higher volumes of products will be produced, which will create customer satisfaction. This will increase turnovers, which will create profit generation for the organisation. Document Prepared By: Loriaan Isaacs QUESTION 4 4.1 A skill is the ability to accomplish specific tasks by demonstrating specific behaviours, while a competency is the aptitude to participate in non-routine intellectual activities. Skills and competencies can be strengthened through further studies, through hands-on experience and on the job training and also by taking on new responsibilities. 4.2 The six competencies that managers should possess are: Communication competency Planning and administration competency Teamwork competency Strategic action competency Global awareness competency Self-management competency Communication competency is the effective transfer and exchange of information that leads to the understanding between yourself and others. It includes informal communication, formal communication and negotiating. Informal communication is the building of strong interpersonal relationships via two-way communication, with a wide range of people, formal communication includes clear, concise and effective writing, and negotiating is the skill of exercising upward influence with superiors, laterally with peers, downward with subordinates as well as externally with customers, suppliers and other stakeholders. Planning and administration competency involves deciding what tasks need to be done, determining how they can be done, allocating resources to enable them to be done and then monitoring progress to ensure that they are done. It includes information gathering, analysis and problem solving; planning and organizing projects; time management; and budgeting and financial management. This competency includes the taking of calculating risks and the anticipation of the consequences, the prioritizing of tasks, monitoring of schedules and the understanding of budgets, cash flows, financial reports, annual reports and the uses of such information. 4.3 Evaluation of Loriaan Isaacs by Duane Spandiel, LLB graduate Loriaans informal communication competency is very good, she communicates well with a wide range of people. Her formal communication competency is excellent, but I found that her negotiating competency requires further training and developing. QUESTION 4 Continued†¦ 4.3 Evaluation of Loriaan Isaacs by Duane Spandiel, LLB graduate continued†¦ I found her planning and administration competency lacking. She needs to grow in this department and I am sure that she will be capable to be excellent in risk taking and prioritizing tasks, after she had undergone further development and training. QUESTION 5 5.1 Delegation of authority is the downward transfer of formal authority from superior to subordinate. The employee is empowered to act for the manager, but the manager remains accountable for the outcome. 5.2 The six principles for improving delegation of authority are: Establish goals and standards Every manager before delegating the powers to the subordinates should be able to clearly define the goals as well as the results expected from them. The standards of performance should also be notified clearly. Define authority and responsibility The manager should maintain a balance between authority and responsibility. If a subordinate is given a responsibility to perform a task, he should be given enough authority to carry out the task effectively. Involve subordinates The manager should allow subordinates to participate in brainstorming ideas, the manager must be prepared to consider the ideas of their subordinates. Require completed work The manager must be clear with the results expected. The manager must determine the acceptable level of performance. Provide training The manager must provide employees with training to prepare them for greater responsibilities. Establish adequate controls The manager should measure the employees success against the goals set. The manager should stay on top of things and hold the employee accountable. The manager should establish feedback controls. QUESTION 6 6.1 The three levels of management in an organization are First-Line Managers, Middle Managers and Top Managers. 6.2 Three primary tasks of First-line managers include responsibility for the production of goods or delivery of services, supervision of employees in their everyday tasks and leading employees who do the actual work. Middle managers are responsible for directing and coordinating the activities of first-line managers, they transform top managements strategies into specific goals and plans for line management to implement, and they carry out top managers directives by delegating authority to their subordinates. Top management tasks include the provision of executive leadership and strategic vision, they are responsible for the overall direction of an organization and they manage the strategic planning process. QUESTION 7 Departmentalisation is the grouping of jobs that belong together in order to reach the organisations goals, example: National, Provincial and Local Government. The four basic types of departmentalization are: Functional departmentalization Place departmentalization Product departmentalization Customer departmentalization

Frozen Pizza and Other Slices of Life

â€Å"Frozen Pizza and Other Slices of Life† Frozen pizza and other slices of life, by Antoinette Moses, is a very good book which tells us eight different stories about different people who show us the same country (England) but from their own point of view and tells us eight different stories about their particular lives. In the last four chapters, we can find other new British's point of view and many lessons from each chapter. Here is what we have learned from the last four chapters.To start with ‘Sweetie’, in this chapter, the story represents a student life, whose plot talks about Nikki Apton, a student college, who is not quite good at managing on her life. Her characteristic is the same as other students who are not able to arrange what is the priority thing to do. She is always irresponsible for the negative results that are made by her. Fashionable student ‘Nikki Apton’ leads a fun-loving life, exploiting parents for money and leaning on her friend Sue to cover up for absences at seminars. Her father loses his job and cannot subsidize her; meanwhile the bank stops her cash card.Sue complains to lecturer Mrs. Martins about the way Nikki puts pressure on her. Nikki receives a letter saying she has failed the course. She remains convinced that she has a bright future despite her academic failure. In this story, the author does not give us know the story by the main character narrating. She runs the story by Nikki, the main character, sending E-mails to her friend, her boyfriend, her parents and her lecturer. The language and style that the author uses is just daily-life words. It is easy to understand even though there is some unseen slang found.Nikki’s characteristic is like her sending Emails. She never faces up with the problems directly. She uses E-mail to deal with them. It shows that she is not quite sincere because when writing E-mail, we have to think each word over repeatedly. Sometimes, we may not mean th at as we exactly feel but have to use those sentences just because it sounds better. After finishing this chapter, Nikki reminds me to look at myself. She is the mirror that reflects my life and warns me not to do like her. The lesson that I have got from the chapter is ‘As you sow, so shall you reap. From the story, Nikki does not do her duty by herself, asking someone help and also complaining him or her when it is not what she expects. Finally, She deserves to fail in her academic at the end of the story. Next chapter is ‘The Star Reporter. ’ The plot of this chapter is associated with a student reporter, Mike, who makes the news about a flooded area near his college, and this event changes his life forever. There are three main characters in this chapter; Mike, Angela, and Carol. Mike’s characteristic is curious and sympathetic.Angela is an ambitious editor of the Student News team who does not care what is right or wrong. The last main character is Car ol, a Robbie’s mother who lives in the flooded area. She cannot accept any truth that she did. Mike, a student who was in the Student News Team, made the news about the nearby area, which had flood every year. Angela, the editor, agreed with him and sent him to give the people who lived in the flooded area an interview and also sent Sue with him in order to take the photographs. In the flooded village, Mike met Carol, who was lifting a buggy up to the stairs while carrying her baby, Robbie.While Sue was taking a photo of her, Carol was so frightened that she forgot her baby and things in her arms but covered her face instead. Luckily, Mike was fast enough to catch the baby in time. After talking with Carol, Mike was very pleasant and felt that she was a very good mother. Moreover, he was eager to know why Carol was afraid of journalist. So he returned to find more information about Carol and he discovered that she was headline in the news long ago as a child murderer. When sh e was eleven years old, she usually took care of the children around her neighbor as a babysitter.According to the news, she hit the child to make him stop crying until he died. But Carol said a child had fallen off a slide and smashed hit head. Carol was sent to a prison for young people and she had to stay there until she was sixteen. While Mike was reading the news, Angela came in and saw it. Angela took that news to the publishers and they published the news as â€Å"WE FIND CHILD KILLER’S SECRET HOME! † Carol and Robbie had to be separated from each other. Mike resigned from the college and travel abroad. At last, He gave up the idea of journalist and decided to become a teacher instead.The language and style that the author uses in this chapter is easy to understand. She often uses many dialogues in order to continue the story smoothly. In addition, she also uses metaphors to illustrate the readers. For example, she compares the Tabloids with two years old kids w ho scream when they are hungry or lose their toys because the tabloids get the readers’ attention by using a big headline. For the mood of this story, the narrator, Mike tells the story depressingly and guiltily. ‘Something that you do not intend to do can make others suffer’ is the lesson we have learned from this story.Mike does not mean to let Angela knows about Carol’s background, but Angela knows it accidentally and finally Carol had to separate from her child. Another lesson is ‘Just one mistake can change your life forever. ’ From the story, Mike decided to become a teacher instead of a journalist after this happening. The third account ‘Don’t Miss the Mozart’ is involved with Melanie, a woman who is sent to pick up a pianist, Louise Conte at the train station, but she picks up a wrong woman with misunderstanding, so she is fired from her work.Finally, she takes her revenge by abducted the pianist so that Louise Cont e will miss her concert. There are two main characters in this chapter; Melanie and Nicole Leconte. Melanie is too careless to check that the person she picks up is the real pianist. And Nicole Leconte, a university scientist from France who comes to England to do a seminar, is too innocent to realize that there is something wrong with this hospitality. Melanie was sent to the train station at Norwich, England to pick up French pianist, Louise Conte.She was a soloist who will play Mozart Concerto at festival concert. Melanie misunderstood that a French scientist, Nicole Leconte, was the pianist, so she took her to a luxurious hotel, which surprised Nicole. Nicole thought this was a surprising hospitality, but does not realize there must be something wrong. When arriving at the festival office, they just know the truth. Mel was very angry. Later, Mel took revenge on Louise Conte by disguising herself to be Conte’s driver and taking her to the north, so it made Conte miss the c oncert.The author explains the two main characters’ feeling clearly so that the readers can understand easily that this situation is an accident, Melanie does not want to mix Nicole up with Madame Conte. Moreover, the author uses hyperbole to demonstrate the readers. For example †¦Nicole heard her ask, as if it was the most marvelous surprise to find her there, at the moment†¦. Another device the author uses in this chapter is foreshadowing. According to the middle of the story, Nicole told Melanie not to miss the Mozart concerto hat would be played one evening but at the end of the story, Melanie made Louise Conte miss it.The lesson from this chapter is ‘Carelessness will lead to disaster. ’ From the story, Melanie did not check carefully that the person she met was the true pianist, Louis Conte, so she was fired from her job. The plot of the last chapter â€Å"The Shivering Mountain† is about an Italian school student, Paulo, who expects the ci ty life in England, must be fun. On the other hand, the Fowler family’s activities in their free time, which he stays with, make him annoyed and disappointed. Finally, there has an incident to make him realize why the British family loves doing those activities.There are two main characters: Paulo and Nick. The characteristics of Paulo are stubborn, grumbling and pessimistic while Nick is easy going and a nature lover. Paulo who was an Italian School student had to spend his summer with the Fowler family in England. Paulo enjoyed the city life just in the first week but after that time he found it miserable to join with the family trip to the Peak District and activities that the Fowler planned to do like going walking and bird watching. Moreover, he felt disappointed his friend’s behavior, Nick Fowler, that it was not the same as if Nick became a different person.One morning, Paulo walked alone into the hills without unawareness of the danger. Getting lost into the mi st, he almost stepped off a cliff but fortunately; Nick could help him in time. Finally, the incident brought them closer together. The language and style that author usually uses is common words and informal language. So it is easy to understand. Moreover, the author always describes the story with lots of adjectives and adverbs that make us easily imagine the pictures along with the story. The language device that author usually uses is the metaphor. It also compares two things.You can see two examples in the story: it was like being inside a cloud and you’d look like a sheep. Moreover, author also uses hyperbole as one of the language devices. From the story â€Å"The clothes, for a start, would make them laugh till they were sick†, you can see that it is impossible for someone laughing until he or she is ill. It is the technique to evoke strong feelings or to create a strong impression, but not meant to be taken literally. What I have learnt from this story is that we should adapt ourselves to the new environment. Try to learn the new activities in our leisure time of another society.And you will find sometimes the differences are not worse like you think. For example, Paulo whose family, his friends and people in Italy love spending their summer swimming, playing football and sunbathing on the beach, while the Fowler family enjoys spending their holidays living with the nature in the countryside. British family is quite the nature lover. They like looking at many kinds of birds through binoculars, walking up to a hill, sleeping in a tent. Especially, for British family to use guidebooks and maps makes Paulo surprised. It seems that people in Italy do not take an interest in a map.At last, Paulo understood why his friend, Nick, loves coming to the Peak District after he had seen a goshawk flying over his head. The story we dislike the most is ‘Don’t Miss the Mozart’ because the way Melanie solved her problem by abducting t he pianist instead of accepting he mistake is unreasonable and desperate, so we think the story should not end like this. On the other hand, our favorite story is ‘Sweetie’ because this story usually happens in daily life and in every culture. This story also reflects the college society that students have to deal with many problems.Besides the consequence of Nikki’s behavior is what she deserves. There are many reading strategies we have learned from the class can apply to this reading of narrative text. The first technique is to guess meaning from the context. From the entire stories we have read, we barely look up the word in the dictionary for. We usually try to guess the meaning from the context first. Using note-taking technique while reading is so utile that when we want to get the important detail, we can abruptly recall knowledge from the note we take before.Moreover, making an inference is one we usually use to get the implied meaning of something. It i s a crucial skill that must be mastered for us to have real comprehension. When we recall prior experiences that are similar to what we are reading, it helps us much to get the valuable lessons of each chapters. In conclusion, the stories from the fifth chapter to the last chapter reveal us the culture, the ways of life, people attitude, and the media in the United Kingdom’s society including personal thought, opportunity, and problem, media effects, and social adaptation.Because of the easy language, we can enjoy the stories and imagine along with when reading. Moreover, these stories are the common situations that can occur in everyday lives but can be the social problems by not paying attention. Finally, all the valuable lessons in every chapter reflect every aspect of people’s lives and can be applied in our daily lives. Chadaratch Kalyasiri 5311100265 Yanisa Treerat 5311100290 Tharin Rienjongdee 5311100338 Puttamas Limchaisawat 5311100443

The Guiding Rules and Principles of Ragusa During the...

It is the aim of this report to examine and present in as concise a from as possible the principles and rules which guided and regulated the economic activities of Ragusa during the period known as the Middle Ages. Moreover, touching upon the primary commercial institutions and players that helped establish this city, how this city regulated itself along with gearing itself to prosperity. Hypothesis: The dissertation of this research report will focus on demonstrating how Ragusa’s economy flourished in the Middle Ages, along with the activities that were conducted to promote the well-being of the civilians of this city. Methodology: This report triggers the interest to research the different methods that Ragusa utilized to promote its†¦show more content†¦One is tempted to think of Ragusa as an early sign of a modern economy with strong fundamentals and an outward orientation. The literature on Ragusa is merely the work of historians, and solely contains statistics, mainly the interpretations are based on contemporary writers and evidence in archival works. Economic Development Ragusa was founded by Greek-Italian denizens in the 7th century who were fleeing from the Avar invasion of Epidaurus. By the 11th century Ragusa surfaced as a maritime and a commercial city, as Idrisi writes, â€Å"Ragusa was a large maritime town whose population consisted of hardworking craftsmen and possessed large fleet that traveled to different parts† (Carter, 1972, p.74). Written by Guistinani in 1553, he mentions that the civilians of Ragusa possessed fortunes that were far more in excess of other Dalmatian cities and were comparable to those of the Venetian elites. The early years of Ragusean history indicate that the economy was very simple, solely self-sufficient, and based on fishing, with some agricultural and construction of small crafts. Within a century of Ragusa’s founding, the first shipyard was ready and moving beyond local fishing coasts. Moreover, another indicator of its early economic development reveals that in 866 during the siege of Saracen, Ra gusa endured the 15 month seize showing signs of a strong economy with a strong defence system ready to withhold anything. In the 11th

Hitler And The Nazi Party - 2125 Words

It is undebatable that Hitler and the Nazi party abused propaganda and distorted the media in order to rise to power and then deceive the German population. Propaganda was incorporated into every German citizens’ life through broadcasts, posters, newspapers and speeches put on by the Fà ¼hrer himself. This propaganda was filled with lies and deceptions about certain ethnic groups, held strong nationalistic ideals and contorted the national German opinion. In Goebbels’s efforts to create a unified German opinion he targeted several all-encompassing groups; the military, workers, the middle class, housewives, the church and youth. The goal of targeting these groups was unified; however, the details and effects of propaganda differed throughout these groups. Occupation and social place effected the influence of propaganda over an individual and the strategies used in making propaganda effective. Nazi propaganda targeted soldiers and generals in the military. German soldiers were on the ground fighting; therefore, it was harder to deceive them about military victories. Military propaganda’s objective was directed towards bringing happiness and hope to troops who were experiencing the first hand effects of war. In much of militarized propaganda, Goebbels’s depicted Hitler as a common soldier. This offered reassurance to soldiers who were putting their lives on the frontline. Soldiers could feel as though the Fà ¼hrer was fighting with them and also risking his life.Show MoreRelatedHitler And The Nazi Party1806 Words   |  8 Pagesbecause of how large scale the destruction was. Over a course of twelve years, Hitler and the Nazi party developed a comprehensive solution to the Jewish problem. Through a series of three solutions, Hitler and his party sought to eliminate European Jewry. Through a series of calculated actions over a decade, Hitler used politic al, situational, and physical violence to break down the European Jewry. In order for Hitler to win his war against the Jews, he had to break down the autonomy of the groupRead MoreHitler And The Nazi Party1547 Words   |  7 Pages Nazism in America Probably one of the most infamous political groups in history were the Nazis, a party created and lead by Hitler, an equally awful man. The Nazi party was based in Germany, and many Germans had fallen prey to their deception through their immoral methods, but it was a true surprise when Americans started to become ensnared by their deceit as well. After WWI, Germany was in ruins; so many Germans immigratedRead MoreHitler And The Nazi Party942 Words   |  4 PagesUnder the ruling of Hitler and the Nazi Party, Germany inaugurated the war in 1939 with an unexpected invasion Poland. Nearly all of Europe was taken over by Hitler in 1940. By the summer only Britain remain of the European power. The course of the war changed when Britain grabbled with an attack performed by the Nazi Party. 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These include Joseph Goebbels, Hermann Goering, Rudolf Hess, Heinrich Himmler, Ernst Rohm, Reinhard Heydrich. It is debated if they escaped justice or not. Joseph Goebbels was born in 1897 and became a doctor in philosophy in 1920. Due to his hatred of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, he joined the Nazi party near the end of 1924 to help build support for the party in Berlin. In 1923 heRead MoreAdolf Hitler And The Nazi Party889 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1933, Adolf Hitler was legally named chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg. In the following years, Hitler would take power as Fà ¼hrer and the Nazi party would create laws that pretty much allowed them to kill eleven million people. While the anti-semitic laws and the laws against â€Å"undesirables† were horrible, they were still laws. 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In the period from 1933 to 1939, the Nazis ultimately achieved consensus in creating the VolksgemeinschaftRead MoreAdolf Hitler And The Nazi Party1333 Words   |  6 PagesHitler as Chancellor In January 1933, Adolf Hitler capitalized on his appointment to Chancellor as a new government began forming around him. Conservative politicians responsible for placing him in power had envisioned a way to harness Hitler and the Nazi party (also known as the National Socialist German Workers’ Party) to establish an authoritarian government by replacing the republic. Hitler, recognizing the circumstances, masterfully established his own totalitarian regime and maintained complete